Minoxidil topical solution is a vasodilator used to treat hair loss by promoting hair growth through several mechanisms. It is converted by an enzyme in the scalp to its active form, minoxidil sulfate, which helps stimulate hair follicles. Minoxidil works by shortening the resting (telogen) phase of the hair cycle, inducing premature entry into the growth (anagen) phase, and prolonging this phase to increase hair length and thickness. It also enhances blood flow around hair follicles by dilating small blood vessels, stimulates growth factors, and may inhibit androgen effects on hair follicles. These actions collectively encourage thicker, longer hair growth over time.